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Physical inventory count difference should be posted in the same period / previous period (if allowed) specified in the physical inventory document which is automatically populated based on the date when inventory count results ( Can be posted only in the open period) are entered(MI04).
Maintain caution with count date especially if it is the end of the period and the posting of difference would happen in a different period. Enter count date in the period when the PI difference will be posted.
Note: This period cannot be changed
Error Message : A difference can only be posted for period 04 2014
Solution:
The easiest way to solve this issue to initiate a recount from the physical inventory document and enter the count date in the same period in which differences will be posted.
The posting of physical inventory differences is subject to certain time constraints:
The posting period is automatically set during counting. Therefore, the inventory difference must be posted to the same period or – if postings to the previous period are allowed – in the following period.
The fiscal year is set by specifying a planned count date when creating a physical inventory document. All subsequent postings to this document must take place in this fiscal year and/or in the first period of the following fiscal year, if postings to the previous period are allowed.
Reference:
https://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/4d/2b8d9443ad11d189410000e829fbbd/content.htm
SAP Reference 